EGY_HEGS_2012_V1.0 EGY_ERF_MSE_2014_V1.0 Economic Research Forum 2014 Nesstar Publisher Version 1.0 Study on the Constraints Facing the Development of Micro and Small Enterprises, 2014 CDMSE 2014 EGY_ERF_MSE_2014_V1.0 Economic Research Forum (c) 2016, Economic Research Forum Nesstar Publisher Economic Research Forum (ERF) - 21 Al-Sad Al-Aaly St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt The Constraints Facing the Development of MSEs [MSEs/CDMSE] Version 1.0: A version of the raw data prepared for dissemination The Economic Research Forum has collected this dataset and releases it for dissemination in both SPSS and STATA formats. Egypt The survey was implemented in the Gharbeya and Bani Suef governorates. - MSEs Sample survey data [ssd] Economic Research Forum Face-to-face [f2f] One questionnaire form, in both Arabic and English, consisting of 12 Parts was designed to collect the survey data. Data is not weighted Economic Research Forum Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions. The Economic Research Forum has granted the researcher access to relevant data following exhaustive efforts to protect the confidentiality of individual data. The researcher is solely responsible for any analysis or conclusions drawn from available data. ERF data on MSEs.NSDstat 447 199 Nesstar 200801 Project basic information Demographic information of the project owner Project description Sources of project financing Technical support for the project Project labor Project expenditures Marketing Project revenues Constraints facing the project Other information on the owner/employer and his/her opinions Future expectations Project ID 447 0 1 1 10 1 100 1 101 1 102 1 103 1 104 1 105 1 106 1 107 1 108 1 109 1 11 1 110 1 111 1 112 1 113 1 114 1 115 1 116 1 117 1 118 1 119 1 12 1 120 1 121 1 122 1 123 1 124 1 125 1 126 1 127 1 128 1 129 1 13 1 130 1 131 1 132 1 133 1 134 1 135 1 136 1 137 1 138 1 139 1 14 1 140 1 141 1 142 1 143 1 144 1 145 1 146 1 147 1 148 1 149 1 15 1 150 1 151 1 152 1 153 1 154 1 155 1 156 1 157 1 158 1 159 1 16 1 160 1 161 1 162 1 163 1 164 1 165 1 166 1 167 1 168 1 169 1 17 1 170 1 171 1 172 1 173 1 174 1 175 1 176 1 177 1 178 1 179 1 18 1 180 1 181 1 182 1 183 1 184 1 185 1 186 1 187 1 188 1 189 1 19 1 190 1 191 1 192 1 193 1 194 1 195 1 196 1 197 1 198 1 199 1 2 1 20 1 200 1 201 1 202 1 203 1 204 1 205 1 206 1 207 1 208 1 209 1 21 1 210 1 211 1 212 1 213 1 214 1 215 1 216 1 217 1 218 1 219 1 22 1 220 1 221 1 222 1 223 1 224 1 225 1 226 1 227 1 228 1 23 1 24 1 25 1 26 1 27 1 28 1 29 1 3 1 30 1 31 1 32 1 33 1 34 1 35 1 36 1 37 1 38 1 39 1 4 1 40 1 41 1 42 1 43 1 44 1 45 1 46 1 47 1 48 1 49 1 5 1 50 1 51 1 52 1 53 1 54 1 55 1 56 1 57 1 58 1 59 1 6 1 60 1 61 1 62 1 63 1 64 1 65 1 66 1 67 1 68 1 69 1 7 1 70 1 71 1 72 1 73 1 74 1 75 1 76 1 77 1 78 1 79 1 8 1 80 1 81 1 82 1 83 1 84 1 85 1 86 1 87 1 88 1 89 1 9 1 90 1 91 1 92 1 93 1 94 1 95 1 96 1 97 1 98 1 99 1 BS1 1 BS10 1 BS100 1 BS101 1 BS102 1 BS103 1 BS104 1 BS105 1 BS106 1 BS107 1 BS108 1 BS109 1 BS11 1 BS110 1 BS111 1 BS112 1 BS113 1 BS114 1 BS115 1 BS116 1 BS117 1 BS118 1 BS119 1 BS12 1 BS120 1 BS121 1 BS122 1 BS123 1 BS124 1 BS125 1 BS126 1 BS127 1 BS128 1 BS129 1 BS13 1 BS130 1 BS131 1 BS132 1 BS133 1 BS134 1 BS135 1 BS136 1 BS137 1 BS138 1 BS139 1 BS14 1 BS140 1 BS141 1 BS142 1 BS143 1 BS144 1 BS145 1 BS146 1 BS147 1 BS148 1 BS149 1 BS15 1 BS150 1 BS151 1 BS152 1 BS153 1 BS154 1 BS155 1 BS156 1 BS157 1 BS158 1 BS159 1 BS16 1 BS160 1 BS161 1 BS162 1 BS163 1 BS164 1 BS165 1 BS166 1 BS167 1 BS168 1 BS169 1 BS17 1 BS170 1 BS171 1 BS172 1 BS173 1 BS174 1 BS175 1 BS176 1 BS177 1 BS178 1 BS179 1 BS18 1 BS180 1 BS181 1 BS182 1 BS183 1 BS184 1 BS185 1 BS186 1 BS187 1 BS188 1 BS189 1 BS19 1 BS190 1 BS191 1 BS192 1 BS193 1 BS194 1 BS195 1 BS196 1 BS197 1 BS198 1 BS199 1 BS2 1 BS20 1 BS200 1 BS201 1 BS202 1 BS203 1 BS204 1 BS205 1 BS206 1 BS207 1 BS208 1 BS209 1 BS21 1 BS210 1 BS211 1 BS212 1 BS213 1 BS214 1 BS215 1 BS216 1 BS217 1 BS218 1 BS219 1 BS22 1 BS23 1 BS24 1 BS25 1 BS26 1 BS27 1 BS28 1 BS29 1 BS3 1 BS30 1 BS31 1 BS32 1 BS33 1 BS34 1 BS35 1 BS36 1 BS37 1 BS38 1 BS39 1 BS4 1 BS40 1 BS41 1 BS42 1 BS43 1 BS44 1 BS45 1 BS46 1 BS47 1 BS48 1 BS49 1 BS5 1 BS50 1 BS51 1 BS52 1 BS53 1 BS54 1 BS55 1 BS56 1 BS57 1 BS58 1 BS59 1 BS60 1 BS61 1 BS62 1 BS63 1 BS64 1 BS65 1 BS66**** 1 BS67 1 BS68 1 BS69 1 BS7 1 BS70 1 BS71 1 BS72 1 BS73 1 BS74 1 BS75 1 BS76 1 BS77 1 BS78 1 BS79 1 BS80 1 BS81 1 BS82 1 BS83 1 BS84 1 BS85 1 BS86 1 BS87 1 BS88 1 BS89 1 BS9 1 BS90 1 BS91 1 BS92 1 BS93 1 BS94 1 BS95 1 BS96 1 BS97 1 BS98 1 BS99 1 Bs6 1 Bs8 1 Governorate 447 0 Bani Suef 219 Gharbiya 228 Project sector 447 0 1 4 1 Commercial 218 2 Industrial 99 3 Agriculture 61 4 Services 69 Formality status 447 0 1 2 1 Formal 228 2 Informal 219 Project life (in years) 446 1 0 81 11.52 12.378 Owner's gender 447 0 1 2 1 Male 379 2 Female 68 Owner's age 443 4 19 69 42.939 11.535 Owner's marital status 445 2 1 4 1 Single 43 2 Married 376 3 Widowed 19 4 Divorced 7 Sysmiss 2 Owner's education status 444 3 1 6 1 Illiterate 38 2 Read and Write 39 3 Less than intermediate 29 4 Intermediate 199 5 Above intermediate 40 6 University & above 99 Sysmiss 3 Ever worked outside Egypt 439 8 1 2 1 Yes 73 2 No 366 Sysmiss 8 Project workplace 447 0 1 9 1 Own home 91 2 Another home 12 3 Flat or office 10 4 Shop 247 5 Workshop or factory 49 6 Kiosk 15 7 Hut 2 8 Shop-window 2 9 Street vendor 19 Year project started 446 1 1934 2015 2003.48 12.378 Periodicity of work 447 0 1 2 1 All year 424 2 Seasonal 23 Project ownership 445 2 1 2 1 Individual 351 2 Partnership 94 Sysmiss 2 This is the only workplace for the project 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 429 2 No 17 Sysmiss 1 Number of branches 17 430 1 3 1.529 0.717 1 10 2 5 3 2 Sysmiss 430 Nature of workplace 17 430 1 3 1 Branch 8 2 Headquarter 7 3 Sales point 2 4 Intermediary production place 0 Sysmiss 430 Project has an activity practice license 447 0 1 2 1 Yes 224 2 No 223 Project has a commercial/industrial register 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 209 2 No 237 Sysmiss 1 Project keeps regular accounting books 445 2 1 2 1 Yes 88 2 No 357 Sysmiss 2 Project is registered at Taxes authorities 445 2 1 2 1 Yes 218 2 No 227 Sysmiss 2 Q208/209=No; License/register cost is too high for the project 253 194 1 2 1 Yes 115 2 No 138 Sysmiss 194 Q208/209=No; Project has just started and will be registered upon success 254 193 1 2 1 Yes 75 2 No 179 Sysmiss 193 Q208/209=No; Too long licensing process which might delay starting the project 254 193 1 2 1 Yes 89 2 No 165 Sysmiss 193 Q208/209=No; Too many procedures/approvals from different authorities 254 193 1 2 1 Yes 103 2 No 151 Sysmiss 193 Q208/209=No; Other reasons 253 194 1 2 1 Yes 108 2 No 145 Sysmiss 194 To encourage licensing; Temporary tax exemption 432 15 1 2 1 Yes 320 2 No 112 Sysmiss 15 To encourage licensing; Temporary insurance exemption 433 14 1 2 1 Yes 256 2 No 177 Sysmiss 14 To encourage licensing; Reduce employer and employee share in social insurance 434 13 1 2 1 Yes 200 2 No 234 Sysmiss 13 To encourage licensing; Facilitate financing from banks 434 13 1 2 1 Yes 154 2 No 280 Sysmiss 13 To encourage licensing; Share big projects to reduce production and market costs 433 14 1 2 1 Yes 27 2 No 406 Sysmiss 14 To encourage licensing; Other facilities 433 14 1 2 1 Yes 64 2 No 369 Sysmiss 14 Value of initial capital (in LE) 447 0 20 2200700 26156.085 113098.67 Value of current capital (in LE) 442 5 200 800000 51154.751 98282.732 Financing sources: Self-financed 370 77 1 2 1 Primary source 335 2 Secondary source 35 Sysmiss 77 Financing sources: RoSCA-financed 65 382 1 2 1 Primary source 45 2 Secondary source 20 Sysmiss 382 Financing sources: Formal loan finance 88 359 1 2 1 Primary source 57 2 Secondary source 31 Sysmiss 359 Other financing sources 19 428 1 2 1 Primary source 17 2 Secondary source 2 Sysmiss 428 Self-financed: From personal/family savings 370 77 1 2 1 Yes 302 2 No 68 Sysmiss 77 Self-financed: From family heritage 369 78 1 2 1 Yes 44 2 No 325 Sysmiss 78 Self-financed: From selling assets 369 78 1 2 1 Yes 17 2 No 352 Sysmiss 78 Self-financed: From savings from work outside the country 369 78 1 2 1 Yes 29 2 No 340 Sysmiss 78 RoSCA-financed; Association with relatives, neighbors or friends 65 382 1 2 1 Yes, currently 32 2 Yes, previously 33 Sysmiss 382 RoSCA-financed; Amount paid (in LE) 65 382 1 3000 605.554 513.502 RoSCA-financed; Payment periodicity 64 383 1 3 1 Monthly 59 2 Weekly 0 3 Daily 5 Sysmiss 383 RoSCA-financed; Number of persons engaged 65 382 5 30 12.477 4.931 RoSCA-financed; When engaged: Month 41 406 1 12 6.146 3.454 1 6 2 1 3 5 4 2 5 4 6 3 7 5 8 3 9 3 10 4 11 3 12 2 Sysmiss 406 RoSCA-financed; When engaged: Year 65 382 1997 2014 2010.692 4.451 1997 1 1999 1 2000 2 2001 1 2003 1 2004 2 2005 1 2006 2 2007 3 2009 3 2010 7 2011 2 2012 3 2013 10 2014 26 Sysmiss 382 RoSCA-financed; Last time, how did you use the money? 65 382 1 7 1 Don't have it yet 7 2 Save it all 1 3 Personal shopping 0 4 Shopping for family 1 5 Invest in private business 41 6 Spending on business and family 13 7 Others 2 Sysmiss 382 RoSCA-financed; Next time, how will you use the money? 39 408 4 7 1 Don't have it yet 0 2 Save it all 0 3 Personal shopping 0 4 Shopping for family 1 5 Invest in private business 18 6 Spending on business and family 10 7 Others 10 Sysmiss 408 Loan/advance finance; Source 87 360 1 8 1 Bank 29 2 SFD 9 3 Credit company 0 4 NGO 20 5 Relatives and friends 20 6 Business partners 1 7 Money lender 0 8 Others 8 Sysmiss 360 Loan/advance finance; Source; Reason for choosing this source 73 0 Acquaintance works in bank 1 Avoiding interest 1 Best choice 1 Easy 16 Easy and fast 1 Easy dealing with 1 Easy procedures 8 Family always deals with it 1 Fast process 1 Father customer of the bank 1 Father deal with them 1 Fathre gaurantee 1 Friends 2 Friends in the bank 1 Know someone inside 1 Least interest 1 Less procedures 1 Low interest 4 No interest 14 No interest and easy 1 No interest, flexible payback method 1 Only known source 1 Only source 2 Payment ease 1 Prefer family and friends 1 Prefer family than banks 1 Reasonable interest 1 Relative work in the bank 1 Safe 1 Safe and no interest 1 Sister loan 1 Small interest 1 Vodafone partner in the project advised it 1 Loan/advance finance; Month when acquired 48 399 1 12 6.979 3.028 1 4 2 1 3 2 4 2 5 1 6 15 7 3 8 1 9 5 10 10 11 2 12 2 Sysmiss 399 Loan/advance finance; Year when acquired 87 360 1970 2015 2009.103 6.672 Loan/advance finance; Month when first used 46 401 1 12 6.478 3.153 1 7 2 1 3 2 5 1 6 12 7 6 8 2 9 5 10 8 11 1 12 1 Sysmiss 401 Loan/advance finance; Year when first used 86 361 1970 2015 2009.093 6.641 Loan/advance finance; Value (in LE) 87 360 200 1000000 27011.494 118730.904 Loan/advance finance; Duration in months 25 422 0 24 11.32 6.434 Loan/advance finance; Duration in years 65 382 1 7 2.385 1.91 1 36 2 9 3 2 4 1 5 14 7 3 Sysmiss 382 Loan/advance finance; Month when ending 38 409 1 12 7.263 3.302 1 3 2 2 3 2 5 2 6 3 7 9 8 4 9 2 10 4 11 2 12 5 Sysmiss 409 Loan/advance finance; Year when ending 82 365 1971 2019 2011.366 6.723 Formal loan finance; Interest rate (%) 65 382 0 35 9.108 8.964 Formal loan finance; Level of interest 65 382 1 3 1 Suitable 38 2 High 16 3 Too high 11 Sysmiss 382 Formal loan finance; Payment method 65 382 1 2 1 Suitable 43 2 Not suitable 22 Sysmiss 382 Formal loan finance; Grace period 63 384 1 2 1 Suitable 31 2 Not suitable 32 Sysmiss 384 Formal loan finance; Acquisition procedures 64 383 1 3 1 Simple 40 2 Normal 16 3 Difficult 8 Sysmiss 383 Formal loan finance; Field in which it is used 65 382 1 4 1 Start business 48 2 Expansion 3 3 Operating expenses 13 4 Others 1 Sysmiss 382 Formal loan finance; Payment status 86 361 1 4 1 Fully paid 50 2 Pay regularly 30 3 Do not pay regularly 2 4 Tripped 4 Sysmiss 361 Formal loan finance; Reason for payment irregularities 4 443 4 5 1 High installment 0 2 Expensive raw material & supplies 0 3 High wages 0 4 High stock & low demand 2 5 Others 2 Sysmiss 443 Formal loan finance; Getting it was easier before 2011 86 361 1 3 1 Yes 18 2 No 23 3 New firm 45 Sysmiss 361 Capital increased since launch (value added) 423 24 1 2 1 Yes 342 2 No 81 Sysmiss 24 Type of value-added 324 0 Bigger products 1 Buying a showroom 1 Camera 1 Capital 1 Equipment 1 Financial 87 Increase in assets 1 Increase in products 5 Livestock 2 Machinery 3 Medical equipment 1 More assets 6 More bee cells 1 More cows 2 More equipment 1 More products 86 More supplies 12 New bee cells 1 New cow 1 New equipment 11 New fridges 3 New machinery 4 New machines 24 New materials 2 New printing machines 1 New production equipment 1 New products 22 New products and equipment 1 New raw materials 1 New store 1 New supplies 1 Operating requirements 2 Product size 1 Production acc. 1 Production line 1 Production requirements 4 Production supplies 2 Products 5 Project extension 1 Raw materials 5 Supplies 16 Value of value-added 342 105 0 1000000 28865.936 67957.952 Source of value-added 343 0 Heritage 5 Loan 11 Loan and savings 1 No interest loan 1 Revenues 160 Revenues and Loan 1 Revenues and RoSCA 1 RoSCA 15 Savings 145 Self 1 Selling assets 1 Selling car 1 Needs financial support 425 22 1 2 1 Yes 182 2 No 243 Sysmiss 22 Value of support needed (in LE) 181 266 1000 500000 30886.762 49457.967 Got any type of financial awareness or banking training 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 14 2 No 432 Sysmiss 1 Seminar/Training title 10 0 2 1 Husbandry methods 1 Management 1 Poultry training 1 Project Management 3 Project and finance 1 Social fund 1 Trainee training 1 Seminar/Training sponsor 12 0 - 1 0 1 Agricultral asso. 1 Agricultural development association 1 Businessmen Committee 3 Governorate 1 Local community develompent 1 Local development unit 1 Ministry of youth and sports 1 Social fund 1 Should provide training to the employees 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 58 2 No 388 Sysmiss 1 Nature of training required (1) 53 0 Aerobics 1 Baking training 2 Carpentry training 1 Computer training 1 Craft training 1 Curtains designing 1 Cutting training 1 Dealing with swine flu 1 Dealing with the products 1 Industry training 1 Job training 2 Machinery training 8 Maintenance training 1 Medical training 2 Medicine names training 2 Mixing perfumes 1 Modern designs training 1 New products training 1 New skills 1 Nutrition 1 Operation training 1 Packaging training 2 Poultry training 2 Printing machines training 1 Printing training 2 Product handling training 1 Sales training 7 Sewing training 1 Type of products training 1 Up to date methods training 1 Using cameras training 1 Welding training 2 Nature of training required (2) 11 0 2 2 3 1 Butchery Training 1 Dealing with the product 1 Machinery Training 2 Medicine Placement 1 Professional Training center 1 Sales Training 1 Vaccines 1 Nature of training required (3) 3 444 1 2 1.667 0.577 1 1 2 2 Sysmiss 444 Product was improved during operation 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 85 2 No 361 Sysmiss 1 Describe improvements 65 0 Adding odors 1 Better breed 1 Better breeds 2 Better designs 3 Better finishing 3 Better packaging 2 Better products 6 Better qualities products 1 Better quality 24 Better quality products 2 Better raw materials 4 Improved raw materials 1 Improving final product 1 More designs 2 More raw materials 1 More variety 1 New designs 1 New equipment 1 New machines 2 New photography methods 1 New products 2 Product packaging 1 Product quality 1 Using automated lines 1 Project materials are available in local unit (village/shiakha) 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 314 2 No 132 Sysmiss 1 Location where materials are available 446 1 1 3 1 At the district 210 2 At the governorate 135 3 Outside the governorate 101 Sysmiss 1 Production method was developed after operation 444 3 1 2 1 Yes 61 2 No 383 Sysmiss 3 Type of development 54 0 Adding meat stand 1 Better designs 2 Better equipment 2 Better finishing 1 Better machines 2 Better packaging 1 Better quality 6 Better quality control 1 Better refining 1 Faster production 1 Machine packaging 1 More products 1 New batteries 1 New breed 1 New equipment 1 New forms 1 New ironing methods 1 New machinery 13 New packs 1 New products 4 Newer equipment 1 Newer machines 2 Newer printing machines 1 Production methods 1 Quality of product 1 Upgrading the product 1 Using machines 3 Using new machines 1 Disruption happen during operation 446 1 1 3 1 Yes 118 2 No 133 3 NA 195 Sysmiss 1 Reason for disruptions 103 0 Equipment malfunction 1 Fuel high prices 1 Gas shortage 5 Low liquidity 1 Machines malfunction 2 New disease 1 No gas 1 Power outage 87 Power outage, gas shortage 2 Raw materials not available 2 Daily working hours at startup 439 8 2 24 9.399 3.366 Daily working hours at survey time 439 8 2 24 9.565 3.496 Reason for decreasing/increasing working hours below/above legal limit 50 0 1 6 4h per week 1 Bad economy 1 Demand increased 7 Depend on production 1 Depends on demand 5 Do not have fixed hours 1 Industry 8 Less demand 1 Low demand 1 Market recession 1 More competition 1 More demand 2 Nature of business 2 No fixed hours 5 Owner marriage 1 Personal reasons 1 Recession 3 To make profits 2 Employer works in the project 447 0 1 2 1 Yes 433 2 No 14 Number of employees (including the employer) 446 1 1 20 2.765 2.389 1 123 2 148 3 86 4 36 5 16 6 8 7 9 8 9 9 1 10 3 12 2 14 1 15 1 17 1 20 2 Sysmiss 1 Number of male employees 446 1 0 20 2.213 2.304 0 42 1 174 2 95 3 66 4 26 5 17 6 6 7 7 8 5 9 1 10 1 11 1 12 2 17 1 20 2 Sysmiss 1 Number of female employees 446 1 0 6 0.547 0.908 0 285 1 105 2 41 3 8 4 3 5 3 6 1 Sysmiss 1 Number of Egyptian employees 445 2 0 20 2.699 2.428 0 12 1 122 2 141 3 82 4 36 5 15 6 8 7 9 8 9 9 1 10 3 12 2 14 1 15 1 17 1 20 2 Sysmiss 2 Number of employees from other nationalities 444 3 0 2 0.0135 0.164 0 441 2 3 Sysmiss 3 Number of illiterate employees 410 37 0 13 0.312 1.09 0 348 1 37 2 11 3 6 4 3 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 13 1 Sysmiss 37 Number of employees who can read & write 410 37 0 11 0.537 1.261 0 296 1 67 2 23 3 15 4 1 5 3 7 2 8 1 10 1 11 1 Sysmiss 37 Number of employees who acquired an education certificate 410 37 0 13 1.805 1.657 0 71 1 134 2 109 3 49 4 30 5 6 6 4 7 2 8 1 10 1 11 2 13 1 Sysmiss 37 Number of employees changed compared to 2011 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 59 2 No 387 Sysmiss 1 Type of change (increased/decreased) 48 399 1 2 1 Increased 15 2 Decreased 33 Sysmiss 399 Level of increase/decrease 47 400 1 90 26.319 25.731 Project includes waged workers from outside the HH 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 176 2 No 270 Sysmiss 1 Number of waged workers from outside the HH 179 268 1 19 2.704 2.887 1 81 2 40 3 18 4 14 5 7 6 7 7 4 9 1 10 1 11 1 13 1 14 1 15 1 17 1 19 1 Sysmiss 268 Wages increased since launch 422 25 1 2 1 Yes 156 2 No 266 Sysmiss 25 Type of wages increase 158 289 1 3 1 Annually 105 2 According to production 29 3 According to marketing 24 Sysmiss 289 Employees benefit from employment contracts 446 1 1 3 1 Yes, all 32 2 Yes, but not all 27 3 No one 387 Sysmiss 1 Employees benefit from social insurance 446 1 1 3 1 Yes, all 108 2 Yes, but not all 88 3 No one 250 Sysmiss 1 Employees benefit from medical insurance 443 4 1 3 1 Yes, all 38 2 Yes, but not all 34 3 No one 371 Sysmiss 4 Employees benefit from paid sick leaves 446 1 1 3 1 Yes, all 13 2 Yes, but not all 17 3 No one 416 Sysmiss 1 Employees benefit from paid annual leaves 446 1 1 3 1 Yes, all 13 2 Yes, but not all 14 3 No one 419 Sysmiss 1 Employees benefit from maternity leaves 444 3 1 3 1 Yes, all 3 2 Yes, but not all 3 3 No one 438 Sysmiss 3 No contract/insurance; Lack of commitment to work 426 21 1 2 1 Yes 246 2 No 180 Sysmiss 21 No contract/insurance; High turnover once employees get training 426 21 1 2 1 Yes 135 2 No 291 Sysmiss 21 No contract/insurance; Financial burden on the project 426 21 1 2 1 Yes 266 2 No 160 Sysmiss 21 No contract/insurance; Refused by workers to avoid salary reduction 426 21 1 2 1 Yes 108 2 No 318 Sysmiss 21 No contract/insurance; Amounts insured are less than actual amounts 426 21 1 2 1 Yes 58 2 No 368 Sysmiss 21 No contract/insurance; Other reasons 426 21 1 2 1 Yes 70 2 No 356 Sysmiss 21 To provide contract/insurance; Temporary tax exemption 432 15 1 2 1 Yes 283 2 No 149 Sysmiss 15 To provide contract/insurance; Temporary insurance fees exemption 432 15 1 2 1 Yes 294 2 No 138 Sysmiss 15 To provide contract/insurance; Reduce employer/employee share in insurance 432 15 1 2 1 Yes 203 2 No 229 Sysmiss 15 To provide contract/insurance; Other facilities 432 15 1 2 1 Yes 56 2 No 376 Sysmiss 15 Project spending on total salaries during the month preceding the survey 446 1 0 28000 1258.913 3064.766 Project spending on raw materials 446 1 0 240000 8215.258 20188.338 Project spending on machines spare parts 446 1 0 15000 211.334 1002.451 Project spending on land, warehouses, building and premises rentals 446 1 0 20000 679.596 1850.65 Project spending on machines and vehicles rentals , 444 3 0 6000 156.993 533.534 Project spending on machines and vehicles maintenance 445 2 0 4000 113.389 365.153 Project spending on electricity 445 2 0 21000 249.447 1183.239 Project spending on water 445 2 0 10000 57.591 501.852 Project spending on taxes 445 2 0 12000 369.308 993.41 Other project spending 445 2 0 5000 46.566 265.721 Main customer for project product/service 443 4 1 5 1 Consumers/individuals 399 2 Private sector units 6 3 Public sector units 1 4 Government 2 5 Wholesalers and retailers 35 6 Exporters or foreigners 0 7 Other 0 Sysmiss 4 Developing marketing strategy for the product 445 2 1 2 1 Yes 57 2 No 388 Sysmiss 2 Type of development for marketing strategy 57 390 1 4 1 Selection 14 2 Packaging 31 3 Storage 2 4 Others 10 Sysmiss 390 Marketing outlets for the product 445 2 1 5 1 Business portal 413 2 Permanent markets 23 3 Temporary markets 3 4 Exhibitions 3 5 Projects outlets 3 Sysmiss 2 Developed/improved marketing methods 444 3 1 2 1 Yes 72 2 No 372 Sysmiss 3 Nature of development/improvement 65 0 1 1 2 1 Advertising 5 Advertising on internet 1 Better dealing with customers 1 Better display 3 Better equipment 1 Better packaging 1 Better product quality 1 Better products 1 Better quality 2 Better sources 1 Business cards 1 Display methods 1 Displaying the product in the market 1 Distributing business cards 1 Home delivery 2 Less profit margin 1 More advertisement 1 More display 1 New advertisement materials 1 New advertising 1 New camera 1 New displaying 1 New gift cards 1 New machinery 2 New packaging 1 New photography techniques 1 Newer machines 1 Offers 2 On credit sale 11 Packaging 3 Printed bags 1 Printing advertising materials 1 Printing bags 1 Printing packages-bags 1 Product display 2 Product packaging 1 Products variety 1 Store improvements 1 Using social media 1 Wholesale prices 1 Project achieved net profit 445 2 1 2 1 Yes 398 2 No 47 Sysmiss 2 Value of net profit (in LE) 381 66 15 20000 1983.764 2482.843 Profit used in savings 397 50 1 2 1 Yes 270 2 No 127 Sysmiss 50 Profit used in increasing project capital 397 50 1 2 1 Yes 114 2 No 283 Sysmiss 50 Profit used in buying raw materials and production supplies 397 50 1 2 1 Yes 238 2 No 159 Sysmiss 50 Net profit changed compared to previous year 399 48 1 3 1 Increased 124 2 Decreased 121 3 Did not change 154 Sysmiss 48 Percentage change in net profit compared to previous year 235 212 2 100 21.145 15.786 Net profit changed compared to before 2011 399 48 1 3 1 Increased 90 2 Decreased 132 3 Did not change 177 Sysmiss 48 Percentage change in net profit compared to before 2011 217 230 1 251 31.512 25.094 Constraints: Financial issues 445 2 1 2 1 Yes 282 2 No 163 Sysmiss 2 Constraints: Administrative issues 445 2 1 2 1 Yes 35 2 No 410 Sysmiss 2 Constraints: Market demands 443 4 1 2 1 Yes 188 2 No 255 Sysmiss 4 Constraints: Product quality/project management 444 3 1 2 1 Yes 32 2 No 412 Sysmiss 3 Constraints: Technical competency for trained maintenance workers 444 3 1 2 1 Yes 35 2 No 409 Sysmiss 3 Constraints: Lack of production supplies 443 4 1 2 1 Yes 40 2 No 403 Sysmiss 4 Constraints: Lack of info on raw materials/products markets and project services 445 2 1 2 1 Yes 45 2 No 400 Sysmiss 2 Constraints: Severe competition between similar projects 443 4 1 2 1 Yes 239 2 No 204 Sysmiss 4 Constraints: Difficulty of participation in exhibitions and public markets 443 4 1 2 1 Yes 23 2 No 420 Sysmiss 4 Constraints: Lack of permanent marketing outlets 442 5 1 2 1 Yes 48 2 No 394 Sysmiss 5 Constraints: Lack of technical support for marketing operations abroad 445 2 1 2 1 Yes 26 2 No 419 Sysmiss 2 Constraints: Low purchasing power in project area 441 6 1 2 1 Yes 218 2 No 223 Sysmiss 6 Constraints: Legal issues 442 5 1 2 1 Yes 13 2 No 429 Sysmiss 5 Constraints: Training on foreign languages to deal with customers 445 2 2 2 1 Yes 0 2 No 445 Sysmiss 2 Constraints: Access to utilities 445 2 1 2 1 Yes 31 2 No 414 Sysmiss 2 Other constraints 445 2 1 2 1 Yes 105 2 No 340 Sysmiss 2 Member in professional syndicate 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 28 2 No 418 Sysmiss 1 Member in cooperative association 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 5 2 No 441 Sysmiss 1 Member in trade union 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 3 2 No 443 Sysmiss 1 Member in business men association 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 7 2 No 439 Sysmiss 1 Member in other entities 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 15 2 No 431 Sysmiss 1 Does not have any memberships 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 392 2 No 54 Sysmiss 1 Ever invited to attend seminars/workshops/conferences/meetings on MSEs awareness 445 2 1 2 1 Yes 28 2 No 417 Sysmiss 2 Think about getting a membership in any of the entities 444 3 1 2 1 Yes 54 2 No 390 Sysmiss 3 Society encourages and assists MSEs 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 208 2 No 238 Sysmiss 1 Barriers for private projects: Losses/incapable of paying loans 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 295 2 No 151 Sysmiss 1 Barriers for private projects: Lack of required capital 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 294 2 No 152 Sysmiss 1 Barriers for private projects: Lack of social/security coverage 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 140 2 No 306 Sysmiss 1 Barriers for private projects: Lack of qualifications to make the project works 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 102 2 No 344 Sysmiss 1 Barriers for private projects: Fulfil licensing process and legal conditions 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 166 2 No 280 Sysmiss 1 Barriers for private projects: Might face damages being a woman 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 35 2 No 411 Sysmiss 1 Barriers for private projects: People's perception in case of failure 444 3 1 2 1 Yes 13 2 No 431 Sysmiss 3 Barriers for private projects: Incapable to control work power 445 2 1 2 1 Yes 27 2 No 418 Sysmiss 2 Barriers for private projects: Facing corruption 445 2 1 2 1 Yes 19 2 No 426 Sysmiss 2 Barriers for private projects: Severe competition in the field 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 229 2 No 217 Sysmiss 1 Barriers for private projects: Customer may not need my products 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 122 2 No 324 Sysmiss 1 Other barriers for private projects 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 77 2 No 369 Sysmiss 1 Intention for expansion 446 1 1 2 1 Yes 268 2 No 178 Sysmiss 1 Expansion area: Number of workers 266 181 1 3 1 Increased 119 2 Decreased 5 3 Did not change 142 Sysmiss 181 Expansion area: Project area 263 184 1 3 1 Increased 193 2 Decreased 0 3 Did not change 70 Sysmiss 184 Expansion area: Products 263 184 1 3 1 Increased 184 2 Decreased 0 3 Did not change 79 Sysmiss 184 Expansion area: Assets 258 189 1 3 1 Increased 115 2 Decreased 0 3 Did not change 143 Sysmiss 189 Expansion area: Use of advanced technology 260 187 1 3 1 Increased 117 2 Decreased 0 3 Did not change 143 Sysmiss 187 Expansion area: Revenues 266 181 1 3 1 Increased 168 2 Decreased 0 3 Did not change 98 Sysmiss 181 Expansion area: Local sales 258 189 1 3 1 Increased 184 2 Decreased 0 3 Did not change 74 Sysmiss 189 Expansion area: Exports 257 190 1 3 1 Increased 6 2 Decreased 1 3 Did not change 250 Sysmiss 190 Expansion area: New products 257 190 1 3 1 Increased 137 2 Decreased 1 3 Did not change 119 Sysmiss 190 Financing source for expansion 266 181 1 5 1 Private savings 104 2 Assets liquidation 2 3 Formal loan 94 4 Informal loan 23 5 Others 43 Sysmiss 181