The Harmonized Employment, Wage and Working Hours, HEWW 2024
Egypt, Arab Rep.
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Reference ID
EGY_HEWW_2024_HD_V1
Producer(s)
Central Agency For Public Mobilization & Statistics
Collections
Created on
Nov 09, 2026
Last modified
Nov 09, 2026
Page views
14
Identification
Survey ID
EGY_HEWW_2024_HD_V1
Title
The Harmonized Employment, Wage and Working Hours, HEWW 2024
Abbreviation or acronym
HEWW 2024
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Egypt | EGY |
Study type
Enterprise Survey [en/oth]
Series information
A yearly survey collected by the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS)
Abstract
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THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 100% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE CENTRAL AGENCY FOR PUBLIC MOBILIZATION AND STATISTICS (CAPMAS)
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The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics collects annual establishment data on employment size, average wages, and average monthly working hours in public business sector and private sector establishments. These data provide indicators by economic activity (excluding agricultural activities not conducted within establishments), geographical distribution, and occupational classification.
Egypt has extensive experience in conducting establishment surveys. The first establishment survey on employment, wages, and hours of work was carried out in 1942, twice a year-in January and July. The current survey programme is implemented annually, using June as the reference period. In 2020, the survey design was revised to enable the collection of occupational wage data for individual sampled employees at the 6-digit level of the occupational classification. A further major revision was introduced in 2022, adding new sections to gather information on the skills required for occupations represented in the sample of establishment workers, as well as the skills required for current vacancies, and those anticipated for future recruitment.
*********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 100% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE CENTRAL AGENCY FOR PUBLIC MOBILIZATION AND STATISTICS (CAPMAS)
*********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics collects annual establishment data on employment size, average wages, and average monthly working hours in public business sector and private sector establishments. These data provide indicators by economic activity (excluding agricultural activities not conducted within establishments), geographical distribution, and occupational classification.
Egypt has extensive experience in conducting establishment surveys. The first establishment survey on employment, wages, and hours of work was carried out in 1942, twice a year-in January and July. The current survey programme is implemented annually, using June as the reference period. In 2020, the survey design was revised to enable the collection of occupational wage data for individual sampled employees at the 6-digit level of the occupational classification. A further major revision was introduced in 2022, adding new sections to gather information on the skills required for occupations represented in the sample of establishment workers, as well as the skills required for current vacancies, and those anticipated for future recruitment.
Kind of data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of analysis
Establishment
Version
Version
V1: A cleaned and a harmonized version of the survey dataset, produced by the Economic Research Forum for dissemination.
Version date
2026-11
Version notes
All documentation available for the original survey provided by the Statistical Agency, and for the harmonized datasets produced by the Economic Research Forum, are published, along with a copy of all occupations and economic activities used during the harmonization process.
However, as far as the datasets are concerned, the Economic Research Forum produces and releases only the harmonized versions in both SPSS and STATA formats.
However, as far as the datasets are concerned, the Economic Research Forum produces and releases only the harmonized versions in both SPSS and STATA formats.
Scope
Notes
The survey covers all active establishments falling within the scope of the 2023-2024 Economic Census, across the public and private sectors (including private, cooperative), excluding diplomatic, international entities, and non-profit organizations. An establishment may take the form of a factory, workshop, store, office, mine, farm, or any similar economic unit. It is defined as an economic unit that primarily or exclusively conducts a single type of economic activity at one physical location. An establishment may operate independently or as part of a larger enterprise. An enterprise, in turn, is a legal entity-or a group of legal entities-that may encompass multiple.
It is important to note that the Economic Census itself is a stratified sample based on economic activity, governorate, and establishment size (measured by number of employees). Establishments with 10 or more employees are fully enumerated (100 percent). Those with 5-9 employees are included on a half-sample basis (50 percent), while establishments with 1-4 employees are sampled at a small fraction (5 percent). The census also included a 10 percent sample of temporarily closed establishments. Additionally, all establishments engaged in rare activities-defined as activities with up to 30 establishments-were fully included at the economic activity level within each governorate.
It is important to note that the Economic Census itself is a stratified sample based on economic activity, governorate, and establishment size (measured by number of employees). Establishments with 10 or more employees are fully enumerated (100 percent). Those with 5-9 employees are included on a half-sample basis (50 percent), while establishments with 1-4 employees are sampled at a small fraction (5 percent). The census also included a 10 percent sample of temporarily closed establishments. Additionally, all establishments engaged in rare activities-defined as activities with up to 30 establishments-were fully included at the economic activity level within each governorate.
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Enterprise main characteristics | ERF |
| Wages and working hours | ERF |
| Employees' characteristics | ERF |
| Job vacancies | ERF |
| Working skills | ERF |
Coverage
Geographic coverage
Covering a sample of urban and rural areas in all the governorates.
Universe
The survey covered all active establishments within the scope of the economic census of 2023-2024 with a few exceptions. (see attched documents)
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Agency For Public Mobilization & Statistics | CAPMAS |
Sampling
Sampling procedure
*********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 100% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE CENTRAL AGENCY FOR PUBLIC MOBILIZATION AND STATISTICS (CAPMAS)
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The public-sector establishments (company headquarters and branches) in the frame numbered 856, all of which were enumerated with probability 1.
For the private sector, the sampling frame was arranged according to governorate, economic activity at the six-digit level, size of establishment, and number of employees. Then, a systematic random sample was drawn to ensure representation of all activities. This approach is better than using a simple random sample, in which some activities may be overrepresented due to the random draw, as it does not place any restrictions on the sampling mechanism.
Employee characteristics are collected at the individual employee level on a sample basis, using the same approach for both public (HQ and branches) and private sector establishments. The design specifies the use of systematic sampling from an establishment's employee list sorted by occupation. In practice, however, the selection of sample employees was performed directly by the establishments.
*********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 100% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE CENTRAL AGENCY FOR PUBLIC MOBILIZATION AND STATISTICS (CAPMAS)
*********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
The public-sector establishments (company headquarters and branches) in the frame numbered 856, all of which were enumerated with probability 1.
For the private sector, the sampling frame was arranged according to governorate, economic activity at the six-digit level, size of establishment, and number of employees. Then, a systematic random sample was drawn to ensure representation of all activities. This approach is better than using a simple random sample, in which some activities may be overrepresented due to the random draw, as it does not place any restrictions on the sampling mechanism.
Employee characteristics are collected at the individual employee level on a sample basis, using the same approach for both public (HQ and branches) and private sector establishments. The design specifies the use of systematic sampling from an establishment's employee list sorted by occupation. In practice, however, the selection of sample employees was performed directly by the establishments.
Response rates
Out of the 856 establishments in the public sector, 503 completed the survey. In the private sector, 8,849 establishments completed the survey out of 13,183 sampled establishments.
Weighting
Sample weights are used to expand the survey results to represent population totals. The weight assigned to an establishment reflects the number of establishments in the population that it represents; likewise, the weight assigned to an employee reflects the number of employees in the population represented by that sampled employee.
Each sample weight generally consists of three components:
1. The design weight, which reflects the probability of selecting the unit under the sampling design;
2. A non-response adjustment, to account for units that were selected but did not respond; and
3. A calibration adjustment, to align the weighted results with internal consistency requirements or with external aggregate controls.
The procedures used to calculate establishment and employee weights in the survey are described separately for the public and private sectors.
Note: there are more details on the weights and sampling at the "The Employment, Wage and Working Hours - Annual Bulletin” document in the downloading tab.
Each sample weight generally consists of three components:
1. The design weight, which reflects the probability of selecting the unit under the sampling design;
2. A non-response adjustment, to account for units that were selected but did not respond; and
3. A calibration adjustment, to align the weighted results with internal consistency requirements or with external aggregate controls.
The procedures used to calculate establishment and employee weights in the survey are described separately for the public and private sectors.
Note: there are more details on the weights and sampling at the "The Employment, Wage and Working Hours - Annual Bulletin” document in the downloading tab.
Survey instrument
Questionnaires
The full survey questionnaire is divided into three main parts. The first part collects general information about the establishment, including its branch of economic activity and key characteristics, such as whether it has a commercial or industrial registration and whether it maintains accounting records. The second part focuses on employee characteristics, first at the establishment level and then for the sampled employees. It covers information on occupation, wages, working hours, skills, social security coverage provided by the employer, and access to paid annual and sick leave. The third part collects information on job vacancies, new hires, and employee separations.
Notes on methodology
Quality Control Procedures
The precision of survey results depends to a large extent on how the survey has been conducted. As such, it was crucial to exert much effort and to take necessary actions towards rigorous preparation for the present survey. The preparatory activities, set up the general framework of survey implementation such as:
1- Applying the recent international recommendations of different concepts and definitions.
2- Evaluating the quality of data in all different implementation stages to avoid or minimize errors to the lowest level possible through:
A. Implementing field editing after finishing data collection for establishment in governorates to avoid any errors in suitable time.
B. Re-interviewing a sample of establishments by Quality Control Department in some governorates and examining the differences with the original responses then take the necessary procedures.
The precision of survey results depends to a large extent on how the survey has been conducted. As such, it was crucial to exert much effort and to take necessary actions towards rigorous preparation for the present survey. The preparatory activities, set up the general framework of survey implementation such as:
1- Applying the recent international recommendations of different concepts and definitions.
2- Evaluating the quality of data in all different implementation stages to avoid or minimize errors to the lowest level possible through:
A. Implementing field editing after finishing data collection for establishment in governorates to avoid any errors in suitable time.
B. Re-interviewing a sample of establishments by Quality Control Department in some governorates and examining the differences with the original responses then take the necessary procedures.
Data collection
Mode of data collection
- Face-to-face [f2f]
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Central Agency For Public Mobilization & Statistics | CAPMAS |
Data processing
Cleaning operations
Data Processing
1- Coding
Specialized staff is responsible for coding data of activity, occupation and geographical identification according to activity, occupation and geographical manual, thus the questionnaires will be valid for data entry.
2- Data entry and tabulations It included machine data entry, data validation and tabulation as well as preparing a final survey bulletin and output tables.
---> Raw Data
Office editing is one of the main stages of the survey. It started once the questionnaires were received from the field and accomplished by the selected work groups. It includes:
a-Editing of coverage and completeness
b-Editing of consistency
---> Harmonized Data
- The STATA package is used to clean and harmonize the datasets.
- The harmonization process starts with a cleaning process for all raw data files received from the Statistical Agency.
- All cleaned data files are then merged to produce one data file on the individual level containing all variables subject to harmonization.
- A country-specific program is generated for each dataset to generate/ compute/ recode/ rename/ format/ label harmonized variables.
- A post-harmonization cleaning process is then conducted on the data.
- Harmonized data is saved in SPSS and then converted to STATA, to be disseminated.
1- Coding
Specialized staff is responsible for coding data of activity, occupation and geographical identification according to activity, occupation and geographical manual, thus the questionnaires will be valid for data entry.
2- Data entry and tabulations It included machine data entry, data validation and tabulation as well as preparing a final survey bulletin and output tables.
---> Raw Data
Office editing is one of the main stages of the survey. It started once the questionnaires were received from the field and accomplished by the selected work groups. It includes:
a-Editing of coverage and completeness
b-Editing of consistency
---> Harmonized Data
- The STATA package is used to clean and harmonize the datasets.
- The harmonization process starts with a cleaning process for all raw data files received from the Statistical Agency.
- All cleaned data files are then merged to produce one data file on the individual level containing all variables subject to harmonization.
- A country-specific program is generated for each dataset to generate/ compute/ recode/ rename/ format/ label harmonized variables.
- A post-harmonization cleaning process is then conducted on the data.
- Harmonized data is saved in SPSS and then converted to STATA, to be disseminated.
Data Access
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | ERF | www.erf.org.eg | erfdataportal@erf.org.eg |
Confidentiality
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes |
To access the micro data, researchers are required to register on the ERF website and comply with the data access agreement. The data will be used only for scholarly research, or educational purposes. Users are prohibited from using data acquired from the Economic Research Forum in the pursuit of any commercial or private ventures. |
Access conditions
Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions.
Citation requirement
The users should cite the Economic Research Forum and the Central Agency For Public Mobilization & Statistics as follows:
OAMDI, 2026. The Harmonized Employment, Wage and Working Hours (HEWW), http://www.erfdataportal.com/index.php/catalog. Version 1.0 of Licensed Data Files; HEWW 2024- Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF).
OAMDI, 2026. The Harmonized Employment, Wage and Working Hours (HEWW), http://www.erfdataportal.com/index.php/catalog. Version 1.0 of Licensed Data Files; HEWW 2024- Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF).
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The Economic Research Forum and the Central Agency For Public Mobilization & Statistics have granted the researcher access to relevant data following exhaustive efforts to protect the confidentiality of establishment data. The researcher is solely responsible for any analysis or conclusions drawn from available data.
Copyright
(c) 2026, Economic Research Forum , 2026 CAPMAS, Egypt
Contacts
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum (ERF) - 21 Al-Sad Al-Aaly St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt | ERF | erfdataportal@erf.org.eg | www.erf.org.eg |
Metadata production
Document ID
EGY_HEWW_2024_HD_V1
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Economic Research Forum | ERF | Cleaning and harmonizing raw data received from the Statistical Agency |
Date of metadata production
2026-11
Metadata version
Version
Version 1